- Primer: A primer is a short, single-stranded nucleic acid sequence that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. In the context of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and DNA sequencing, primers are essential. In PCR, primers bind to the target DNA sequences and initiate the replication process. These primers are typically around 20 nucleotides long and are designed to be complementary to specific regions of the DNA being amplified.
- Sequencing: Sequencing refers to the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) within a DNA or RNA molecule. DNA sequencing is a fundamental tool in molecular biology that allows researchers to decode the genetic information contained within an organism’s genome. There are various methods for sequencing DNA, including Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and newer technologies like nanopore sequencing. Sequencing plays a crucial role in a wide range of biological applications, including genetic research, medical diagnostics, and evolutionary studies.
